Art Education and Science Flourished During the Dynasty
The collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate ushered in the golden age of the Abbasid Dynasty. This era produced greater advancements in arts, science, and architecture. Damascus was the political, commercial, and cultural center of the Umayyad Dynasty. Yet, when the Umayyad family was ousted from power and the Abbasids rose to prominence, the eye of the Muslim globe shifted from Damascus to Baghdad. The city of Samarra briefly rose to prominence between 836-892 Advert when it was made the capital letter of the Abbasid Empire by Caliph Al-Mu'tasim. Just to be abandoned during the waning years of the Abbasids in the tenth century. The rise of architecture and science is recorded on the Bible Timeline with World History effectually 900 Advertizing.
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Architecture
The Abbasid legacy in architecture was showcased in unlike structures built during this period. Notwithstanding, the magnificent mosques and palaces (qasr) reflected more of the Abbasid touch than any other structures. The Abbasid workmen in Mesopotamia and the Levant fabricated use of materials widely available in the area. Such as inexpensive mud-bricks (air-dried) or more expensive baked bricks for walls, which were then finished with gypsum plaster or stucco revetments to protect the surface. Askew geometric or vegetal patterns on glazed tile mosaics (later on known as "Arabesque" pattern) busy the walls of the mosques and palaces. Intricate calligraphy and image representations painted on walls were as well common during this era.
Mosques came to define Islamic architecture. The construction of these structures was in full swing during the Abbasid era. The most important architectural elements present in mosques are the courtyard (sahn), the niche constructed in the direction of Mecca (mihrab), the belfry (minaret), the dome (qubba), and the pulpit (minbar). The hypostyle and iv-iwan were 2 of the virtually pop mosque architectural styles during the Abbasid period. The centrally-planned mosques came subsequently during the Ottoman period. Mosques were more than places of worship, and prayer equally the structures as well served as learning centers (madrasa) for the Muslims, as well every bit soup kitchens for the poor.
Secular structures such as palaces, tombs, caravanserais, warehouses, bridges, and markets were also built during the Abbasid period. Merely a few of these would survive into the modern times. Dissimilar mosques, these structures were not as heavily maintained throughout the years and some, including the urban center of Samarra, were simply abandoned.
Structures Built During the Abbasid Menses
The Keen Mosque of Kairouan – Kairouan, Tunisia, 836 Advertizing
The Dandy Mosque of Cordoba – C贸rdoba, Spain, 785 AD
Jawsaq al-Khaqani Palace – Samarra, Iraq, 836 Advertising
Al-Mutawakkil Mosque and Malwiya Tower (Spiral Minaret) – Samarra, Iraq, 851 Advertising
Al-Rafiqa (Urban center Walls of Ar-Raqqa and Baghdad Gate) – Ar-Raqqa, Syrian arab republic, 908 Advertisement
Bab al-Amma or Dar al-Khalifa – Samarra, Iraq, 836-837 AD
Hirakla, Qasr al-Salam, and Al-Qadisiya – Ar-Raqqa, Syria, between 796 to 808 Advertizement
Ibn Tulun Mosque – Cairo, Egypt, 884 AD
Nine-Domed Mosque (Masjid i-Tarikh) – Balkh, Afghanistan, 9th century
Niyariz (Neyriz) Mosque – Neyriz County, Iran, 973 Ad
Mosque of Bab Mardum – Toledo, Spain, 999 Advertising
Mosque of Bu Fatata – Sousse, Tunisia, 838-841 AD
Scientific discipline
The economic prosperity and political stability during the early years of the Abbasid Caliphate brought about a golden age not just for architecture, but besides for science. Mathematics, engineering, astronomy, chemistry, and technology all flourished during the Abbasid era. One of the most of import legacies of the Islamic Golden Age was in the field of medicine. Prominent Greek physicians such as Galen, Hippocrates, and others greatly influenced the Abbasids who came across Greek texts and had them translated into Arabic. Some of the most prominent physicians and medical writers who rose during this period were Yuhanna ibn Masawaiyh who performed some of the offset dissections on human corpses (then prohibited in medieval Europe considering of religious reasons) and al-Razi who identified the differences between measles and smallpox.
Al-Zahrawi conducted the beginning known surgeries on the homo body, while the Central Asian ibn Sina (Avicenna) went on to become the leading authority in medicine for hundreds of years. The first known hospital in the Muslim world was established in Damascus during the Umayyad era. The Abbasids continued the medical tradition and congenital some other in Baghdad when they came to power. Other groundbreaking discoveries were also fabricated in surgery, ophthalmology, hygiene, bacteriology, and other branches of medicine during the Abbasid period.
References:
Film By MAREK SZAREJKO from CLONMEL, Ireland – POLAND – Flickr, CC Past-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/west/alphabetize.php?curid=11070328
Blair, Sheila. "Islamic Architecture – Abbasid Menstruation 芦 Islamic Arts and Architecture." Islamic Arts and Architecture. March 12, 2011. Accessed August 24, 2016. http://islamic-arts.org/2011/architecture-of-the-abbasids-iraq-islamic republic of iran-and-egypt/.
Bloom, Jonathan, and Sheila Blair, eds. The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Fine art and Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Printing, 2009.
Falagas, M. East. "Arab Scientific discipline in the Golden Age (750-1258 C.Due east.) and Today." The FASEB Journal 20, no. 10 (2006): 1581-586. Accessed August 24, 2016. doi:x.1096/fj.06-0803ufm.
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